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26/A-NUWSP/Agustus/2023

Non-Revenue Water (NRW) atau kehilangan air adalah istilah bagi air yang sudah diproduksi namun tidak sampai ke konsumen. Di Indonesia, NRW juga sering disebut sebagai Air Tak Berekening atau ATR. Artinya, NRW adalah air yang hilang, dapat diukur dan diketahui besarannya namun tidak dapat direkeningkan (Kementerian PUPR, 2018).

NRW atau kehilangan air merupakan masalah utama dalam penyediaan air minum di Indonesia. Menurut Kementerian PUPR (2023), tingkat kehilangan air/NRW nasional pada tahun 2022 mencapai angka 33,7 persen. Angka tersebut lebih tinggi 8,7 persen dari batas toleransi NRW yang diperkenankan oleh Kementrian PUPR dalam pengoperasian SPAM yaitu senilai 25 persen.

Untuk mengatasi NRW, dibutuhkan pengelolaan terpadu oleh penyedia air minum. Menurut Farley dkk. (2008), manajemen NRW harus diatasi dengan peningkatan pengeluaran untuk perbaikan operasional seperti perawatan sarana prasarana. Perbaikan operasional akan meminimalisir potensi kehilangan air. Di kemudian hari, NRW yang rendah dan sistem operasional yang baik akan meningkatkan pendapatan dan secara bertahap mengurangi biaya operasional.

Menurut Buku Kinerja BUMD Air Minum Tahun 2022 yang diterbitkan oleh Kementerian PUPR, nilai NRW di Perumda AM (Air Minum) Tirta Moedal Kota Semarang pada tahun 2019-2022 berturut-turut yaitu 39,99%; 42,94%; 44,80%; dan 48,41%. Hal itu membuat NRW menjadi salah satu masalah utama pada pelayanan air minum Perumda AM Tirta Moedal di Kota Semarang. Salah satu faktor penyebab tingginya nilai NRW adalah masih banyaknya jaringan distribusi utama (JDU) yang menggunakan pipa jenis ACP (Asbestos Cement Pipe) berumur lebih dari 25 tahun. Pipa jenis ACP memerlukan perawatan dan perbaikan yang sulit karena material pipa tersebut sudah jarang diproduksi di pasaran umum. Pipa jenis ini banyak digunakan sebagai pipa air minum karena memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi terhadap korosi, akan tetapi lambat laun dapat mengalami penipisan sehingga kerap terjadi kebocoran pada pipa.

Gambar 1. Perbaikan kebocoran pada jenis pipa ACP diameter 12 inch

Untuk itu, Perumda AM Tirta Moedal mengusulkan bantuan program NUWSP TA 2021. Perumda AM Tirta Moedal memperoleh matching grant hasil kerjasama dengan PT. ASB untuk SPAM Semarang Barat dengan skema KPBU (Kerjasama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha). Kegiatan NUWSP di Kota Semarang meliputi pengadaan dan pemasangan pipa HDPE serta pembangunan rumah pompa di IPA Pucang Gading. Pekerjaan jaringan perpipaan tersebar di wilayah pelayanan Perumda AM Tirta Moedal, di mana dari 13 titik, 12 di antaranya merupakan pekerjaan replace atau penggantian pipa eksisting. Penggantian pipa eksisting dilakukan untuk mengurangi kebocoran pipa dan juga meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pada pelanggan Perumda AM Tirta Moedal Semarang.

Pekerjaan kontruksi Program NUWSP TA 2021 untuk SPAM Kota Semarang telah selesai pada 26 Desember 2022. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan terpasangnya JDU dengan pipa HDPE yang tersebar di 13 titik di Kota Semarang serta terbangunnya rumah pompa di IPA Pucang Gading. Penggantian pipa eksisting menjadi pipa HDPE diharapkan dapat menurunkan persentase NRW dan meningkatkan kualitas layanan untuk Perumda AM Tirta Moedal Semarang.

Gambar 2. Kunjungan delegasi Pemerintah Filipina, tim Bank Dunia, dan tim CPMU NUWSP ke Perumda AM Tirta Moedal Kota Semarang

Sumber:

1. Dokumentasi NUWSP.

2. Dokumentasi Perumda AM Tirta Moedal.

3. Farley, dkk. (2008): The Manager’s Non-Revenue Water Handbook: A Guide to Understanding Water Losses, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/31157/guidebook-reduction-nonrevenue-water-id.pdf.

4. Kementerian PUPR (2018): Modul Air Tak Berekening Tahun 2018: Buku 1, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12322426_01.pdf.

5. Kementerian PUPR (2022): Buku Kinerja BUMD Air Minum 2022.

6. Kementerian PUPR (2023): Kementerian PUPR Ajak Pemda Wujudkan Pelayanan Air Minum Tahan Bencana, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://pu.go.id/berita/kementerian-pupr-ajak-pemda-wujudkan-pelayanan-air-minum-tahan-bencana.         

7. PDAM Pintar (2022): Mari Mengenal Non Revenue Water!, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://pdampintar.id/blog/lainnya/mari-mengenal-non-revenue-water/.

Kredit Foto:

1. CIC Consulting Informático (2021): What is Non Revenue Water (NRW)? How can we Reduce it for Better Water Service?, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://www.cic.es/en/non-revenue-water-nrw/.

2. PDAM Tirta Mulia (2018): Perbaikan Pipa ACP 12”, diperoleh melalui situs internet: https://twitter.com/pdamtirtamulia/status/948779636330147841.

Ditulis oleh:

Novrian Adhyaksa

Deviana Matudilifa Yusuf

NRW (Non-Revenue Water) Reduction Efforts with the NUWSP Program at Perumda AM Tirta Moedal, Semarang City

Water that has been produced but does not reach consumers is referred to as non-revenue water (NRW). In Indonesia, NRW is also known as Unbilled Water or ATR which means the volume can be quantified but not accounted for (Ministry of PUPR, 2018).

NRW, or water loss, is a severe issue in Indonesia's drinking water supply. The PUPR Ministry (2023) states that the national water loss/NRW rate has reached 33,7 percent in 2022. This value was 8,7 percent greater than the Ministry of PUPR's tolerance level for operational SPAM, which is 25 percent.

Integrated management by drinking water providers is required to combat NRW. Farley et al. (2008) contend that NRW management must be addressed by increasing spending on operational enhancements such as infrastructure upkeep. Water loss will be reduced by operational improvements. Low NRW and good operational systems will enhance income and gradually lower operating costs in the future.

According to the 2022 Drinking Water BUMD Performance Book published by the Ministry of PUPR, the respective NRW values for 2019-2022 in Perumda AM (local government-owned water utility) Tirta Moedal Semarang City are 39,99%; 42,94 %; 44,80 %; and 48,41%. This makes NRW one of the most significant issues with the drinking water service at Perumda AM Tirta Moedal in Semarang City. There are still many main distribution networks (JDU) that utilize ACP (Asbestos Cement Pipe) pipelines that are more than 25 years old, which contributes to the high NRW value. Due to the rarity of this pipe material on the market, pipes of the ACP variety necessitate challenging maintenance and repairs. This form of pipe is commonly used as a drinking water pipe due to its high corrosion resistance; however, it can deteriorate over time, resulting in frequent pipe leaks.

Figure 1. Leak repair on a 12-inch diameter ACP pipe

Therefore, Perumda AM Tirta Moedal proposed a grant for the 2021 NUWSP program. Perumda AM Tirta Moedal then received a matching grant as a result of collaboration with PT. ASB for West Semarang SPAM with PPP (Public Private Partnership) scheme. The activities of the NUWSP program in Semarang City include the procurement and installation of HDPE pipes and the construction of a pump house at Pucang Gading WTP. Work on the pipe installation is dispersed across the service area of Perumda AM Tirta Moedal, with 12 of 13 sites involving replacement of existing pipes. Existing pipes are replaced to reduce pipe leaks and enhance service quality for Perumda AM Tirta Moedal Semarang customers.

The 2021 NUWSP program construction for Semarang City SPAM was concluded on December 26, 2022. This activity resulted in the installation of JDUs with HDPE pipes at 13 locations throughout the city of Semarang and the construction of pump houses at Pucang Gading WTP. The replacement of existing pipes with HDPE pipes is anticipated to decrease the value of NRW and enhance the quality of service for Perumda AM Tirta Moedal Semarang.

Figure 2. Visit to Perumda AM Tirta Moedal Semarang City by the Philippine Government delegation, the World Bank team, and the NUWSP CPMU team

Sources:

1. Farley, dkk. (2008): The Manager’s Non-Revenue Water Handbook: A Guide to Understanding Water Losses, obtained through the internet site: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/31157/guidebook-reduction-nonrevenue-water-id.pdf.

2. Ministry of PUPR (2018): Modul Air Tak Berekening Tahun 2018: Buku 1, obtained through the internet site: https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12322426_01.pdf.

3. Ministry of PUPR (2022): Buku Kinerja BUMD Air Minum 2022.

4. Ministry of PUPR (2023): Kementerian PUPR Ajak Pemda Wujudkan Pelayanan Air Minum Tahan Bencana, obtained through the internet site: https://pu.go.id/berita/kementerian-pupr-ajak-pemda-wujudkan-pelayanan-air-minum-tahan-bencana.   

5. NUWSP Documentation.

6. PDAM Pintar (2022): Mari Mengenal Non Revenue Water!, obtained through the internet site: https://pdampintar.id/blog/lainnya/mari-mengenal-non-revenue-water/.

7. Perumda AM Tirta Moedal Documentation.

Photo Credits:

1. CIC Consulting Informático (2021): What is Non Revenue Water (NRW)? How can we Reduce it for Better Water Service?, obtained through the internet site: https://www.cic.es/en/non-revenue-water-nrw/.

2. PDAM Tirta Mulia (2018): Perbaikan Pipa ACP 12”, obtained through the internet site: https://twitter.com/pdamtirtamulia/status/948779636330147841

Written by:

Novrian Adhyaksa

Deviana Matudilifa Yusuf

Translated by:

Lely Lydia Rahmawati

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